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What You Need to Know About PFAS Cleanup Delays at U.S. Military Bases in 2024

The Environmental Protection Agency has identified detectable levels of PFAS—per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances known as "forever chemicals"—at military installations across the country. But cleanup efforts are moving slower than many communities living near these bases had hoped. Here's what the delay means for you and what steps you can take to protect your family.

What happened?

According to a comprehensive EPA study released recently, PFAS contamination has been found at numerous U.S. military bases. These chemicals are commonly used in firefighting foams, non-stick coatings, and water-resistant fabrics. Once released into the environment, PFAS don't break down naturally—hence the nickname "forever chemicals"—and they accumulate in soil and groundwater.

The study found that cleanup and remediation efforts at affected military installations are taking longer than expected. The EPA and Department of Defense are working to address the contamination, but the process involves multiple regulatory steps, environmental assessments, and coordination between agencies. This has resulted in extended timelines for full remediation at many bases.

Who is affected?

The primary concern centers on communities near military bases where groundwater contamination has been detected. This includes:

• Residents whose private wells draw water from contaminated groundwater
• Communities relying on public water systems that may be affected by PFAS seepage
• Current and former military personnel and their families living on or near bases
• Agricultural operations in areas where contaminated water is used for irrigation

If you live within several miles of a military installation, particularly near areas where firefighting training or equipment maintenance occurs, your drinking water could potentially be affected. The EPA maintains a searchable database of PFAS contamination sites where you can check if your area has been tested.

Why does this matter?

PFAS chemicals have been associated with several health concerns in scientific research. The EPA and other health agencies have identified associations between PFAS exposure and increased cholesterol levels, liver damage, thyroid disease, and reduced vaccine response in children. Some studies have also found associations with certain cancers, though research is ongoing.

Because these chemicals persist indefinitely in the environment and in the human body, even low-level chronic exposure is a concern. The EPA recently strengthened its drinking water standards for PFAS, lowering the acceptable levels in public water systems. The agency's tougher approach reflects growing evidence that even trace amounts warrant attention.

Cleanup delays mean that contaminated groundwater continues to pose a potential exposure risk to nearby residents for longer periods. This is particularly concerning for vulnerable populations, including children, pregnant women, and people with existing health conditions.

What should you do?

Test your water: If you live near a military base, contact your local health department or water utility to ask about PFAS testing. Many states now offer free or low-cost testing for private well owners. Testing is the only way to know whether PFAS is present in your drinking water.

Know your water source: Find out whether your home uses a private well or a public water system. Public water systems are now required to test for PFAS and report results to customers. If you use a private well, you have the responsibility to test it yourself—and you should, especially if you're near a contaminated site.

Consider filtration: If PFAS contamination is confirmed in your water, certain water treatment options can reduce PFAS levels. Activated carbon filters and reverse osmosis systems have been shown to remove many PFAS chemicals. However, not all filters are equally effective, so research options designed specifically for PFAS removal.

Stay informed: Monitor updates from the EPA and your state environmental agency about cleanup progress at nearby military bases. Many bases now have public information offices that provide updates on remediation efforts.

Document your exposure: If you've been drinking contaminated water, keep records of water test results and any health concerns. This information may be relevant if future legal actions or health monitoring programs are established.

Advocate locally: Attend community meetings about base cleanup efforts and voice concerns about timeline delays. Community pressure has accelerated cleanup efforts at some sites.

Bottom Line

PFAS contamination at military bases is a documented public health issue, and cleanup delays extend the window of potential exposure for nearby residents. Testing your water is the essential first step. If contamination is found, effective treatment options exist. While regulatory agencies work toward full remediation, taking personal protective steps now can reduce your family's exposure to these persistent chemicals.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can I tell if my water is contaminated with PFAS?

Testing is the only reliable way to know. Contact your water utility if you're on a public system—they must provide test results. For private wells, contact your state health department for testing options. Use the PFAS contamination finder to see if your area has documented contamination.

Are PFAS levels in drinking water dangerous?

The EPA has set limits on PFAS in drinking water based on research showing health associations. While not everyone exposed to PFAS will experience health effects, the EPA's standards aim to protect public health by reducing exposure to levels considered safer. Individual risk varies based on exposure duration and amount.

How long will it take to clean up PFAS at military bases?

Timelines vary significantly depending on the extent of contamination, site conditions, and available resources. Some bases may take several years or longer to reach full remediation. Contact your local military base public affairs office or the EPA regional office for specific timelines affecting your area.

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