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Your Tap Water Under Threat? What Maryland's Legal Challenge Means for PFAS Safety in 2025

Maryland's top lawyer just took a public stand against a surprising proposal: the EPA wants to weaken the drinking water limits it set for "forever chemicals" just last year. Here's what that means for you and your family.

What's happening with PFAS drinking water limits?

In March 2023, the Environmental Protection Agency established the first-ever federal drinking water standards for PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances)—chemicals used in non-stick cookware, water-resistant fabrics, and industrial processes that accumulate in soil and groundwater. The EPA set strict limits: 4 parts per trillion for PFOA, 2.4 parts per trillion for PFOS, and combined limits for other PFAS.

Now the EPA is proposing to eliminate those limits entirely, according to Maryland Attorney General Anthony G. Brown's recent filing. Brown argues this rollback would reverse years of scientific evidence and leave drinking water unprotected.

Who's affected by this change?

You are—especially if you rely on public tap water. PFAS have been detected in the drinking water supplies of thousands of communities across the U.S., from rural areas to major cities. The chemicals don't break down naturally, earning them the nickname "forever chemicals." Once they contaminate groundwater, they stay there.

Communities on public water systems that currently comply with EPA standards would face uncertainty if those standards disappear. Private well owners, who aren't covered by federal regulations, are particularly vulnerable.

Why does this matter scientifically?

PFAS chemicals have been associated with several health concerns. According to the EPA, exposure has been linked to associations with kidney and testicular cancer, thyroid disease, decreased vaccine response, and increased cholesterol levels. These associations don't prove PFAS caused these conditions, but they show patterns researchers have identified in exposed populations.

The 2023 drinking water standards were based on decades of research showing these health associations at very low exposure levels. The EPA set limits specifically to protect infants and children, whose developing bodies are more sensitive to toxic substances.

Brown's opposition argues that removing limits would contradict the scientific foundation the EPA itself used to establish them just a year ago.

Why would the EPA propose rolling back protections?

The EPA hasn't publicly detailed its rationale for the proposed rollback in this report. Administrative changes to environmental protections can occur when agencies shift priorities or face political pressure. Regulatory rollbacks sometimes cite implementation costs for water utilities or technical feasibility challenges, though specific details aren't available in the current proposal.

What are other states doing?

Maryland isn't alone in opposing this move. Several states have already set their own PFAS drinking water standards as strict as or stricter than federal limits, signaling they plan to maintain protections regardless of federal action. This creates a patchwork where your protection depends on where you live.

What should you do right now?

Test your water: If you have a private well, contact your state health department about PFAS testing. Public water systems are required to test and report results; you can request a Consumer Confidence Report from your water utility to see if PFAS have been detected in your area.

Use the PFAS Database: The PFAS Finder tool can help you locate testing resources and information specific to your state and water system. You can also explore our methodology to understand how PFAS data is collected and reported.

Consider your options: If PFAS are detected in your drinking water, activated carbon filters (pitcher filters or under-sink systems) can reduce PFAS levels, though they require regular replacement. Reverse osmosis systems offer another option. Boiling water doesn't remove PFAS.

Stay informed: The EPA proposal is in public comment phase. Environmental organizations, health departments, and citizen groups are likely submitting responses. Following this issue through news sources will help you understand what protections your community may or may not have going forward.

Check your state: If your state already has stronger PFAS standards than federal limits, you may have additional protection. Contact your state environmental agency to understand local requirements.

Bottom Line

The EPA's proposed rollback of PFAS drinking water limits contradicts its own 2023 scientific conclusions about health risks. Maryland's opposition signals that states may fight to maintain protections, but you shouldn't wait for legal outcomes—test your water now and understand what's in your tap. If PFAS are present, filtration options exist. This issue will likely evolve throughout 2025, so staying informed about your water quality is your best defense.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get rid of PFAS in my home water?

Activated carbon filters and reverse osmosis systems can reduce PFAS levels, but effectiveness varies. Pitcher filters are less effective than under-sink or whole-home systems. Boiling, freezing, and standard chlorine treatment don't remove PFAS. Have your water tested before and after filtration to confirm reduction.

Are PFAS in bottled water?

Some bottled water brands have been found to contain PFAS, though levels vary. The bottled water industry has less stringent testing requirements than public water systems. If you're concerned, ask manufacturers about their testing or check recent consumer reports on bottled water PFAS levels.

What if my state already has tough PFAS limits?

States can enforce standards stricter than federal minimums. If your state maintains its own PFAS drinking water limits, those would likely continue protecting you even if federal standards are eliminated. Contact your state environmental or health department to confirm your state's position.

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